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Superficial Heat and Cold eMedicine PMR (Visit this link)
In contrast to deep heating modalities, superficial heating modalities usually do not heat deep tissues, including muscles, because the subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the skin surface acts as a thermal insulator and inhibits heat transfer. Additionally, increased cutaneous blood flow from superficial heating causes a cooling reaction as it removes the heat that is applied externally. In general, the transfer of heat (whether the purpose is heating or cooling) often is classified into 3 general types of heat transfer (ie, conduction, convection, conversion).
Synonyms and related keywords: superficial heat, superficial cold, ice packs, paraffin baths, cryotherapy, Fluidotherapy, hydrotherapy, moist air therapy, radiant heat therapy
Milton J Klein, DO, MBA 2006
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Added: Sun Apr 13 2008
