Bone Health

Over 70 large clearly labeled basic diagrams of the upper and lower extremities. Each component (as hand, foot, ankle) has several images depicting various muscle layers. University of Washington, Seattle.

Major teaching resource with anatomical drawings by Dr A.S.Aster.Requires registration for access to full text.

Tables of osteology and ligamentous anatomy

Descriptive anatomy comprises a detailed account of the numerous organs of which the body is formed, especially with reference to their out­ward form, their internal structure, the mutual relations they bear to each other, and the successive conditions they present during their development. Surgical Anatomy is, to the student of medicine and surgery, the most essential branch of anatomical science, having reference more especially to an accurate know­ledge of the more important regions, and consisting in the application of anatomy generally to the practice of surgery.

Osteology of the foot.
The Foot is the terminal part of the inferior extremity; it serves to support the body in the erect posture, and as an important instrument of locomo­tion. It consists of three divisions: the Tarsus , Metatarsus, and Phalanges.

Osteology of the Ulna and Radius.

The Hand is subdivided into three segments, the Carpus or wrist, the Meta­carpus or palm, and the Phalanges or fingers. This site describes the ostology of the hand and the growth plates.

Osteology of the femur & patella
The Lower Extremities, two in number, are connected with the inferior part of the trunk. They are divided into three parts, the thigh, the leg, and the foot, which correspond to the arm, the forearm, and hand in the upper extremity. The thigh is formed of a single bone, the femur.

Osteology. The Spine is a flexuous column, formed of a series of bones called Vertebra. The Vertebrae are divided into true and false. The true vertebrae are twenty-four in number, and have received the names cervical, dorsal, and lumbar, according to the position which they occupy; seven being found in the cervical region, twelve in the dorsal, and five in the lumbar. The false vertebrae, nine in number, are firmly united, so as to form two bones —five entering into the formation of the upper bone or sacrum, and four into the terminal bone of the spine or coccyx.

In the construction of the human body, it would appear essential, in the first place, to provide some dense and solid texture capable of giving support and attachment to the softer parts of the frame, and at the same time to protect in closed cavities the more important vital organs; and such a structure we find provided in the various bones, which form what is called the Skeleton.
Sections on bones, vessels of Kane, Bone Development, Growth of Bone

The Pelvis is composed of four bones. The two Ossa Innominata, which bound it in front and at the sides, and the Sacrum and Coccyx, which complete it behind.

Osteology of Tibia/fibula
The Tibia is situated at the anterior und inner side of the leg, and, excepting the femur, is the longest and largest bone in the skeleton. It is pris-moid in form, expanded above, where it enters into formation with the knee joint, and more slightly below. In the male, its direction is vertical, and parallel with the bone of the opposite Bide, but in the female it has a slight oblique direction downwards and outwards, to compensate for the oblique direction of the femur inwards. It presents for exami­nation a shaft and two extre­mities.
The Fibula is situated at the outer side of the leg. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones; it is placed nearly parallel with the tibia, its lower extremity inclining a little forwards, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end. It presents for examination a shaft and two extremities.

Osteology of the bones of the upper extremity - clavicle, scapula, humerus

In addition to having technical expertise, experienced hand surgeons must have precise knowledge of flexor tendon anatomy to guide appropriate treatment of injuries to the flexor tendon system. The flexor tendon system consists of the flexor muscles in the volar compartment of the forearm, their tendinous extensions, and a specialized synovial lining.
Synonyms and related keywords: flexor tendon system, flexor pulley system, flexor sheath, retinacular sheath, trigger finger, stenosing tenosynovitis
Bates, Laurencin & Chang 2007